In the 12th century, after the encastellation of several fortresses within the walls of Petritoli, the church of San Marziale, once located far from the village, was rebuilt in its present location in Piazza Mazzini.
Following a severe fire, the church was rebuilt at the behest of Pope Paul III, as a sign of gratitude to the local people who had supported him. On that occasion, the church also changed its name, becoming Santa Maria in Piazza, to distinguish it from Santa Maria in Castello, which was still standing at the time.
